About

A thesis, tested in public: "Within five years, one in 1,000 of the internet will be human."

Human vs Machine tracks how much of the world's internet traffic comes from people and how much from machines: bots, crawlers, AI agents and connected devices. We graph it from the first ARPANET message in 1969 to today, and forecast it like the weather.

We treat the thesis as a hypothesis, not a fact. So far the data says: by requests, machines already lead; by bytes, humans still win by a mile; and "1 in 1,000" by 2031 is unlikely. Check the live numbers on the front page.

Who made this

Human vs Machine is created by Ulrich Frerk. It covers the whole world's internet: every figure is global unless a widget says otherwise, and the data pipeline runs on pay-per-use cloud services.

Use the data

Download history.csv or site.json. Please cite the original publishers listed on Methods & sources. Cloudflare Radar data is CC BY-NC 4.0 (source: Cloudflare Radar): it may not be used commercially, and this site stays non-commercial unless Cloudflare gives permission.